By Gerald Mbanda
China’s journey toward green energy has not only transformed its domestic economy but is also reshaping its global partnerships — particularly with Africa. Over the past decade, China has emerged as a key partner in helping African countries transition toward cleaner, more sustainable sources of energy. Through investments, technology transfer, and infrastructure development, China’s collaboration with African nations is accelerating the continent’s green transformation while aligning with global climate goals.
One of the major platforms driving China–Africa green energy collaboration is the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In recent years, the initiative has increasingly emphasized “green development” as a core principle. China has pledged to stop building new coal power projects overseas and instead support renewable energy ventures. In Africa, this policy shift is evident in the growing number of solar, wind, and hydroelectric projects funded or constructed by Chinese companies.
For example, the Garissa Solar Power Plant in Kenya, developed by the China Jiangxi Corporation for International Economic and Technical Cooperation, is one of East Africa’s largest solar farms. It provides clean electricity to more than 70,000 households, significantly reducing Kenya’s dependence on fossil fuels. Similarly, in Egypt, Chinese firms have played a crucial role in constructing the Benban Solar Park, one of the world’s largest solar power installations, which contributes over 1.6 gigawatts of renewable energy to the national grid.
China’s approach goes beyond financing infrastructure; it includes technology transfer and skills development, essential components for Africa’s long-term energy independence. Chinese firms often work alongside local engineers and technicians, offering training in project management, equipment maintenance, and renewable technology operation. In Ethiopia, for instance, Chinese companies have provided technical assistance for hydro and wind energy projects such as the Adama Wind Farm, which supplies power to thousands of households. These initiatives not only expand access to electricity but also cultivate local expertise, ensuring that African nations can manage and maintain green infrastructure independently in the future.
Access to funding remains one of the biggest challenges for renewable energy development in Africa. China has stepped in to bridge this gap through soft loans, public-private partnerships, and direct investment. Financial institutions such as the China Exim Bank and the China Development Bank have financed numerous renewable projects, often under favorable terms. Moreover, Chinese private enterprises are increasingly investing in Africa’s clean energy sector. Companies like Huawei and Sungrow Power Supply Co. are providing smart solar solutions, grid technologies, and battery storage systems to improve energy efficiency and reliability. These investments complement African countries’ efforts to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and reduce carbon emissions.
While China’s involvement has sparked optimism, it also invites careful consideration of environmental and social impacts. Both sides are increasingly aware that large-scale energy projects must adhere to sustainability standards. Recent cooperation frameworks emphasize green financing, environmental assessments, and local community benefits to ensure that renewable projects promote inclusive development. African governments, supported by Chinese partners, are crafting policies that balance energy security with environmental protection. For instance, South Africa’s collaboration with Chinese firms on battery storage and smart grid technologies helps integrate renewables without compromising grid stability — a vital step for sustainable industrialization.
China’s green energy partnership with Africa is transforming the continent’s energy landscape. It is helping to replace fossil fuel dependency with renewable alternatives, building infrastructure that supports economic growth, and empowering local communities with new skills and technologies. As climate change continues to pose global challenges, the China–Africa green energy collaboration stands as a model for South–South cooperation — one built on shared interests, mutual benefit, and a common vision for a cleaner, more sustainable world. The next decade will be crucial, but if current trends continue, Africa’s green future will be powered not just by the sun and the wind, but by a partnership rooted in innovation and sustainability.
Gerald Mbanda is a Researcher and publisher on China and Africa Cooperation
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